Reduced adjective clause to adjective phrase

by Tom Rohrbach

Multiple Choice Quiz

This practice will help you learn how to reduce an adjective clause to an adjective phrase.
There are 7 kinds of reduced adjective clauses, as shown in the chart below.

If you choose a wrong answer, you'll see an explanation to help you learn from your mistake.

NOTE: The dashes --- in the questions below are just to show you the original adjective clause that you need to reduce.
The number in brackets [5] tells you which type of reducing it is (see above).

Show all questions

The woman --- who is waiting for the train --- over there is my boss. [TYPE 1]
  1. ? who waiting for the train
  2. ? who waits for the train
  3. ? waiting for the train

Secretariat, --- who was at the back of the pack at the start of the race, --- won the Kentucky Derby easily at the end. [7]

  1. ? being at the back of the pack at the start of the race,
  2. ? who at the back of the pack at the start of the race,
  3. ? at the back of the pack at the start of the race,

The Golden Gate Bridge, --- which was finished in 1937, --- is one of the most famous in the world. [4]

  1. ? being finished in 1937,
  2. ? which finished in 1937,
  3. ? finished in 1937,
Fran, --- who is my oldest sister, --- works for Sony Corporation in Japan. [2]
  1. ? being my oldest sister,
  2. ? who my oldest sister,
  3. ? my oldest sister,

Apple, --- which has created a number of successful products, --- is thinking about selling a smart watch in 2014. [5]

  1. ? having created a number of successful products,
  2. ? has created a number of successful products,
  3. ? creating a number of successful products,
The dictionary --- that is sitting on the table --- is mine. [1]
  1. ? that sits on the table
  2. ? that sitting on the table
  3. ? sitting on the table
Mrs. Lawrence, --- who is worried about her sick daughter, --- can’t concentrate at work today. [6]
  1. ? worried about her sick daughter,
  2. ? worrying about her sick daughter,
  3. ? having worried about her sick daughter,

George Washington, --- who was the first President of the U.S., --- was a general in the army before he became President. [2]

  1. ? the first President of the U.S.,
  2. ? who the first President of the U.S.,
  3. ? was the first President of the U.S.,

Japanese is a written language --- that consists of 3 types of writing, --- kanji, hiragana, and katakana. [3]

  1. ? which consists of 3 types of writing,
  2. ? consists of 3 types of writing,
  3. ? consisting of 3 types of writing,
The house --- which is behind ours --- burned down last week. [7]
  1. ? behind ours
  2. ? being behind ours
  3. ? behinding ours

Abraham Lincoln, --- who had lost 8 elections before, --- eventually became President of the U.S. the first time he tried. [5]

  1. ? had lost 8 elections before,
  2. ? losing 8 elections before,
  3. ? having lost 8 elections before,

None of us were impressed by the politician --- who gave the speech last night --- at the convention. [3]

  1. ? giving the speech last night
  2. ? having given the speech last night
  3. ? that gave the speech last night

The rich woman, --- who was tired of losing her keys, --- decided to hire an assistant to carry them around for her. [6]

  1. ? tiring of losing her keys,
  2. ? having tired of losing her keys,
  3. ? tired of losing her keys,

The Grand Canyon, --- which is located in the southwestern United States, --- is the largest canyon in the world but not the deepest. [4]

  1. ? located in the southwestern United States,
  2. ? locating in the southwestern United States,
  3. ? having located in the southwestern United States,